Market Data Sources & Attribution
AssetRateHub aggregates and cross-verifies financial data from registered industry bodies, bullion associations, and open market exchanges. We do not fabricate market rates or publish unverified speculative numbers.
Domestic Gold & Bullion Sources
1. Karachi Sarafa & Jewellers Association
Primary benchmark issuer for Pakistan bullion rates. Publishes daily session pricing for 24K and 22K gold per tola and 10 grams from the Saddar and Mithadar trading hubs.
2. All Pakistan Gems and Jewellers Association (APGJSA)
National federation overseeing regional bullion pricing adjustments, gold export-import policy updates, and inter-provincial bullion movements.
3. Regional Sarafa Associations
Lahore Sarafa Association (Suha Bazaar), Rawalpindi Sarafa Association (Raja Bazaar), Peshawar Sarafa Association (Ander Shehr), and Multan Sarafa Association for localized retail and wholesale market checks.
International Commodity Benchmarks
1. London Bullion Market Association (LBMA)
Global spot price benchmark (XAU/USD per Troy Ounce). Serves as the international anchor from which domestic landed costs are evaluated.
2. COMEX / NYMEX Gold Futures
Intraday price movement tracking for global precious metals sentiment.
Foreign Exchange & Currency Sources
1. Exchange Companies Association of Pakistan (ECAP)
Provides open-market retail buying and selling exchange rates for major currencies (USD, EUR, GBP, AED, SAR, CAD, AUD).
2. State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)
Official interbank weighted average exchange rates used for institutional macroeconomic references.